A citation is a reference to a book, article, video, website, or other information source for the purpose of giving credit to the author. Citations also give your work more credibility because your readers can find out exactly where you got your information from. Citations typically include: author names, title, publisher, publisher location, date of publication, journal title, volume, issue, and/or page numbers.
You will often be asked to compile a list of citations for the sources you've used at the end of a research paper or other assignment. Depending on the citation style you use, this list is called a "Bibliography," "Works Cited," or "References" page.
When in doubt, cite! You should acknowledge whenever your work is based on someone else's ideas or content. This is true not only when you use direct quotations, but also when you are paraphrasing or summarizing someone else's work! For example:
Quote: When you use phrases or sentences exactly as they appear in the source document. Note the quotation marks.
J.R.R. Tolkien once wrote, “…not all those who wander are lost” (182).
Paraphrase: When you restate an idea from the source document using your own words.
In Lord of the Rings, Tolkien speaks about wandering adventurers who may seem lost, but instead are on a personal quest (182).
Summarize: When you provide a brief version of what you learned from the source document.
Not everyone who wanders is necessarily lost; it's okay if my personal path in life doesn't always seem clear to others. (Tolkien 182).
Citing your sources is a fundamental research skill. Whenever you do research, you need to acknowledge the sources you used that informed your own work. It is an important practice for showing academic integrity as a student and is crucial for avoiding plagiarism. By including citations, you are:
Watch the following video for a short introduction to citation:
“Citation: A (Very) Brief Introduction” by North Carolina State University Libraries is published under a Creative Commons 3.0 BY-NC-SA US license.
Plagiarism, copyright, and citation are just as important when creating multimedia as when you are writing a paper. Video, podcasts, online digital exhibits, and more all have the same requirements as a written paper to cite sources and make sure you aren't incorrectly using something that is protected by copyright. On our Video in the Curriculum and Podcasting and Audio in the Curriculum pages we have resources to help you think through these topics, such as:
Please contact a librarian or Instructional Technology Specialist with questions!
The library catalog, many library databases, and resources like Google Scholar have built-in citation generators or "Cite buttons." These tools or buttons provide a quick and easy way to create draft citations for your sources. Since computer-generated citations may contain formatting errors, though, it's important for you to check any computer-generated citations against an online or print style guide to make sure they "follow the rules" for the particular citation style you are using.
In the library catalog, look for the Cite button in the listing for your book or article - it's often in the upper right-hand corner.
When you click on the Cite button, a pop-up box will let you select the citation style you're using. Then you can copy and paste the provided citation into your assignment or draft bibliography.
Different databases might put their Cite icons or links in different places. In an EBSCO database like Academic Search Premier, article records include a Cite option under the Tools menu on the right-hand side of the page:
The Cite button displays a pop-up window listing computer-generated citations for the article in several citation styles. Scroll through the list to find the style you want and then copy and paste the citation into your draft bibliography:
