SPARC*'s Browse Article and Data Sharing Requirements by Federal Agency website tracks "current and future U.S. federal funder requirements for sharing research articles and research data."
Many funding agencies now require the inclusion of a data management plan in grant proposal submissions. Here are links to the specific requirements for several agencies that frequently fund research within higher education.
Additional Resources:
“Data sharing strengthens our collective capacity to meet scientific standards of openness by providing opportunities for further analysis, replication, verification and refinement of research findings….In addition, the greater availability of research data will contribute to improved training for graduate and undergraduate students, and make possible significant economies of scale through the secondary analysis of extant data.”
Data Archiving Policy, National Science Foundation Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences