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INTG 100: Plagues and Pandemics, Past and Present

Instructor: Jim Read

MLA Handbook (9th Edition)

     MLA style is used primarily by English and some Humanities. 

MLA (Modern Language Association) style uses in-text or narrative parenthetical citations.

MLA 9th edition: Common Examples

In-Text (Narrative) citations: 

Two kinds of information are included for in-text citations:

  1. Author's last name
  2. Page number for the reference

Example:

  • Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
  • Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
  • Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

MLA citations should be constructed with the bib elements in this order:

  1. Intellectual contributors: Creator (Author, Composer, Photographer, etc.), Editor, Arranger, Compiler, Translator, etc…
  2. Title, Title of Journal, etc. 
  3. Edition, Volume
  4. Publisher
  5. Place of Publication
  6. Year of Publication
  7. Location
  8. Pagination
  9. URL address or doi (digital object identifier)

Common examples:

Book

Author, First Name. Title of Work: Capital Letters Also for Subtitle. Publisher Name, Publication Date.

Journal

Wegener, Duane T., and Richard E. Petty. Mood Management Across Affective States: The Hedonic Contingency Hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 66, no. 3, 1994, pp. 1034-1048. https://doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225.

Web site

Author, First or Corporate/Compiler Name. Title of page. Site name/Sponsor/Institution. Date of creation,  https://www.someaddress.com/full/url. Accessed Date.

Citation Tools

These tools help you manage your citations and develop bibliographies.

  • Zotero is citation management software with a free desktop application with plug-ins for all major browsers to easily collect your sources. You can cite your sources in both Word and Google Docs.

  • The Zotero Tutorial will get you started and answer general questions.

  • ZoteroBib: Enter the URL, DOI, or ISBN and ZoteroBib will format a citation for you in the style you choose. No software required.