This guide will help you understand copyright and other author licenses, such as Creative Commons licenses, so that you can find, ethically reuse, and cite or provide appropriate attribution for images that you use or repurpose in your scholarly and creative works.
Check with your instructor to see what their expectations are for individual course assignments. If you plan to share your work with an audience beyond your classroom you should follow the following legal and ethical guidelines carefully! Examples of how you might share your work with a broader audience include:
Copyright Law of the United States provides legal protection for intellectual property. (Intellectual property refers to products of the mind or products of human creativity. It is a broad expression of law that includes other bodies of law, such as copyright, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents.)
Copyright protections
Copyright law protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, computer software, and architecture. It covers both published and unpublished works.
Copyright ownership gives the holder of the copyright in an original work of authorship six exclusive rights. These are the right to:
How long is a work protected under copyright?
It depends. The general rules are as follows:
Fair use generally applies to nonprofit, educational purposes that do not affect the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. When an information source is copyrighted, you should cite it if you quote or paraphrase it in your paper or speech.
Works that are in the public domain are NOT protected by copyright and may be used freely, without obtaining permission from, or compensating the copyright owner. Being in the public domain means:
Note 1: Finding a work in a public space (e.g., in an online search) does not necessarily mean something is in the public domain – copyrighted works are frequently posted or shared in violation of copyright. If something you find online indicates that a particular work is within the public domain, check to verify that this is true!
Note 2: Even if a work has entered the public domain, you should credit the work’s author/creator, if possible, when you reuse or repurpose any of the work’s content.
Creative Commons (CC) is an example of open licenses.
CC provides a set of copyright licenses and tools that can be adapted on varying levels set by the creator
What are Creative Commons Licenses? Video (1:57)
CC currently has 6 levels that define:
CC = Creative Commons
BY = creator (who it is BY)
SA = Share Alike license terms
NC = Non-Commercial only
ND = No Derivatives
Open Access allows free access of published material through digital repositories. The rights vary between sources.